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Slovakia

Peter Pellegrini

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Indirect Involvement

Killing by DrowningRefoulement by ProxyRhetoric Marginalization

Functional responsibility for the repeated efforts of the European Councilt to rhetorically marginalize refugees

This includes:

  • efforts to frame the refugee crisis as a matter of “illegal migration,” a phrase used repeatedly, e.g. in the Council conclusions of June 2018 (See European Council Report: 2017: The Libyan Coastguards; European Council Report: 2018)

Direct Involvement

Refoulement by ProxyDirect & Indirect Financing

35 million euro “contribution to border protection efforts in Libya” in December 2018 (See V4; Hungarian Presidency):

> part of the V4’s reportedly high involvement in phase 2 of the training of the Libyan coastguard.1 The 35 million euros made up the majority of the funds (35 million euros of 45 million euros in total) (V4; Involvement with Libya).