The Netherlands
Ank Bijleveld
10/2017–2021
The NetherlandsMinister of Defence
Actions
Indirect Involvement
Refoulement by ProxyNGO Persecution
The Netherlands raised the technical requirements for rescue NGO ships to a degree under which a number of rescue NGOs could no longer operate. By doing so, Netherlands opened the way to what would soon become a widely shared policy over the continent: the inhibition of NGOs actions in the Mediterranean at all costs. (See NL Report, NGO Criminalization). The suspects exact involvement is unclear.
Indirect Involvement
Refoulement by ProxyGACS/LYCG Training
The suspect as Minister of Defence is in charge of the protection of the borders. To this effect he manages the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee (KMar) and the Seaport Police. (See NL Report, Ministry of Defense).