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Croatia

Andrej Plenkovic

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Indirect Involvement

Killing by DrowningRefoulement by ProxyRhetoric Marginalization

Functional responsibility for the repeated efforts of the European Council from 10/2016 until present to rhetorically marginalize refugees.

This includes:

  • efforts to frame the refugee crisis as a matter of "illegal migration," a phrase used repeatedly, e.g. in the Council conclusions of October 2017 and June 2018 (See European Council Report: 2017: The Libyan Coastguards; European Council Report: 2018)

Indirect Involvement

Refoulement by ProxyGACS/LYCG Training

Functional responsibility for the decisions of the European Council from 10/2016 until present:

This includes:

  • the December 2016 Council conclusions, which emphasized the goal of supporting the Libyan coastguard through Operation Sophia (See European Council Report, 2016)

  • the 2017 Malta conference, at which Council members called for EU to "train, equip and support the Libyan national coast guard" (See European Council Report: 2017: The Libyan Coastguards)

  • the June 2018 conclusions, which called on “all vessels... not [to] obstruct operations of the Libyan coastguard.” (See European Council Report: 2018)